Interpretation on Scientific Article about Sense of Smell Essay example

Introduction The sense of smell is what informs an organism of the chemical composition of their surrounding environment. The sense of smell is called olfaction and in humans, it is less developed than in most other mammals. The olfactory system contains epithelial cells that are unique because they are capable of regeneration, unlike most other neurons. The receptors for both taste and smell are called chemoreceptors. They are termed chemoreceptors because they respond to chemicals that are in aqueous solution. The olfactory epithelium is what allows us to smell; it is located in the roof of the nasal cavity and contains millions of sensory neurons. It is a patch and contains approximately 50 million sensory receptor cells. The receptor cells being referred to are actually neurons. The olfactory epithelium is comprised of three different layers, which include supporting cells, olfactory receptor cells, and basal cells. Supporting cells aid in the production of mucous and they support the olfactory receptor cells. The basal cells are at the base of the epithelium and they are the source of newly developed receptors. Tiny hair like structures, called cilia, are found on the olfactory receptors and they are covered with mucous. If molecules entering the nostrils dissolve in the mucous, they stimulate the receptors and the sense of smell is evoked. The substances that can be smelled have to be able to evaporate at normal temperatures and should be fairly water soluble so they can pass through t he mucous. The molecules should also be lipid soluble because the cilia are composed of lipids. A mature sensory neuron is a bipolar neuron, meaning it has two poles, or ends. The neuron receives signals through a branch known as a dendri... ... but quite possibly most important, much research is being conducted involving the degeneration of the olfactory system. One of the first signs of Alzheimer's disease is the loss of smell. By understanding the plasticity of the receptors in the olfactory system, there may be a way to further understand why degeneration takes place and how it could be treated. The future of this science is far reaching and combined with gene expression, it will become a heated topic. There are exciting discoveries taking place, such as the odorant receptors in sperm and even products in the material world. The olfactory system should provide a long future of discoveries due to the intricacies of its circuitry and the vast network it encompasses. References Momberts. Nature. "Putting Smell on the Map". Volume 419. pg. 296-300. 19 Sept. 2002. 2002 Nature Publishing Group.

Book Review of Missionary Methods

Allen, Roland. Missionary Methods: St. Paul’s or Ours? Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 1962. 179 pp. Introduction to the Book The book being discussed is Roland Allen’s Missionary Methods: St. Paul’s or Ours? Allen was an Anglican minister who worked as a missionary in China between the years of 1895 and 1903 and eventually moved his work to Easy Africa. His experience on the foreign mission field developed a keen sense of the Holy Spirit’s place in the ministry of the missionary and his book reflects a desire to awaken others to the same understanding of the Spirit.Summary of the Book The overall purpose of the Roland Allen’s book is to convey the dramatic differences between the methods of modern day missionary organizations and those of the Apostle Paul. Through deep personal study of the various teachings, practices, and strategies of Paul, Allen gained an understanding of what made the ministry of the Apostle so successful. Allen spent thirteen cha pters discussing the most prominent foundations of Paul’s ministry with the intention of bringing the modern missionary back to the simplistic nature of foreign evangelism.The topics of discussion covered by Allen are as follows: strategic localization of churches, the role of social class, the moral and social condition of Paul’s audience, Paul’s use of miracles, the role of finance, the substance of Paul’s message essay writer service, his method of training his converts, the importance of baptism and ordination, Paul’s authority and disciplinary methods, the importance of unity, and the necessity of dependence upon the Holy Spirit. All of these topics were passionately practiced in the missional ministry of the Apostle Paul and can be studied and applied by today’s foreign minister.Throughout the book, Allen addressed the objections toward Paul’s methods of various theologians and clergymen and showed that the ministry of the Apost le could in no way be undermined, nor cast aside as impractical. He very specifically detailed the cultural setting surrounding Paul’s ministry and compared it to modern day cultures that have, or once had, missionary presences in them. By setting up these comparisons, he firmly establishes his argument and plainly shows the relevance of Paul’s methods for ministers in today’s world of foreign missions.Critical Evaluation of the Book If an author has ever presented a near-perfect argument within the confines of a single book, one could argue that Roland Allen is that author. In Missionary Methods: St. Paul’s or Ours? , Allen set out to prove that the widespread missionary methods of the modern church have sorely missed the mark in ministering effectively to the lost world. He proved this reality by pointing to Saint Paul’s past methods and helping the reader see that such methods are still valid and still effective.Allen presented the common object ions that arose against his argument—such as the inability to perform the miracles Paul did, or the differences between the more â€Å"savage† cultures of Allen’s day and the supposedly refined civilizations of Paul’s time—and refuted those claims, showing they hold no true weight. Thus, Allen provided the reader with a thorough argument of his point with little room to question the validity of such an argument. The only true objections that can be made against Allen appeal to the Anglican denominational belief system that he often mentioned throughout the book.His holding to this sect of Christianity did not influence the overall argument that he presented necessarily; it simply injected an addressing of specific problems that Anglican believers have with Paul’s methods. Some examples of these biases can be seen in his mentioning of the necessity for modern Anglican missionaries to act only with the consent of the local Bishop over him or h er. Christians of a denomination separate from such formalities need to provide no answer of such realities in their foreign ministry.Another example of Allen’s Anglican bias can be recognized in his emphasis on the importance of regular practicing of the sacraments of the Anglican Church. He noted that one of the possible problems with practicing a ministry marked by resignation was that â€Å"the Christians would be deprived of the sacraments. † To any believer outside the Church of England, such sacramental deprivation would not be an issue. Other than these two insignificant examples, however, the overall relevancy of Allen’s message remains unaffected and is still worth studying.When considering the strengths and weaknesses of the book, the strengths dramatically outweigh the shortcomings. Allen succeeded in showing the reader that there is no excuse to discount the ministry of Paul as irrelevant in today’s missionary setting. He powerfully implement ed scripture throughout the book with precision. Every verse, story, and biblical example of Paul’s practices and teachings that Allen used were necessary and served to back up his claims with ultimate truth.Also, the open addressing of his opponent’s arguments served to strengthen Allen’s thesis in a way that a simple stating of facts would be incapable of accomplishing. When it comes to Allen’s weaknesses, the only real problem occurred in the way he organized the information within the individual chapters. He used somewhat of an outline structure marked by numbers and Roman numerals, but even with these demarcations the flow of thought was sometimes difficult to follow. The applications for this book in the life of today’s Christian missionary are extremely practical.I know that by following the lessons detailed in the book I could draw up a sound journey plan. Also, the chapters that describe the specific theologies that Paul taught to his chur ches and the â€Å"heathens† can, and should, be directly applied in my personal preaching of the gospel and edification of the converts that come about because of the work being done. Most importantly, however, would be the decision to rely upon the Holy Spirit for the completion and fruition of the seeds that are planted among the people to whom I minister.There is no greater expression of faith than to step back and let the indigenous believers take up the reigns of the mission themselves. Conclusion of the Book Review In conclusion, the book, in my opinion, would be a tremendous help to any minister, student, or layperson with a desire to take the gospel cross-culturally. By practicing the teachings included in the book, missions can begin to find tremendous growth that has otherwise not been realized.

Caffeine, Caffeine And Health Benefits Between Coffee And...

Caffeine Additives in Beverages Many people either enjoy to drink a cup of coffee, an energy drink, or sometimes both. People drink these without any knowledge of them other than the fact that they contain caffeine. How much caffeine do they contain though? Are these drinks even considered to be healthy for humans? There are various differences in the nutritional facts, caffeine absorption, and health benefits between coffee and energy drinks and how they each affect brain function. Black coffee is typically composed of caffeine, potassium, magnesium, manganese, riboflavin, niacin, and low levels of sodium (Coffee Health n.pag). Coffee’s ingredients also depend on the type of added flavors, sugars, etcetera. Coffee contains the excess of about 95 percent water, in moderation, drinking coffee cannot lead to dehydration (Coffee Health n. pag). Though, because coffee contains slightly elevated levels of caffeine in comparison to energy drinks, it impacts the central nervous sy stem more quickly. This means that caffeine will elevate the heart rate more than an energy drink would. Adam Sinicki, from Health Guidance for Better Health, says that because of the caffeine contents, coffee would not be a suitable drink while doing rigorous physical activity. Coffee, like most things, has it’s good and bad sides. Studies have shown that coffee works against the protein said to cause Alzheimer’s disease, lowers risks of some cancers, and may improve response to hepatitis CShow MoreRelatedEssay on A Cup a Day: Why Everyone Should Drink Coffee898 Words   |  4 Pagesconsumes over 70 gallons of coffee per year? If so, you may be included in the 52% of Americans who make up this statistic, and that appreciates coffee as one of the most remarkable beverages in the history of the world. 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The Authors Of The American Pageant - 1950 Words

Skill: Periodization- The authors of The American Pageant use 33,000 B.C.E. and 1769 C.E. as the beginnings and ending dates for â€Å"New World Beginnings.† but the first chronological period of study for the AP US History Exam is from 1491 to 1607, with the understanding that 1491 is a symbolic dates for pre-Columbian contacts in North America. As you read chapter 1, does 33,000 B.C.E., 1491, or some other date make the most sense to you as the beginning of this time period? Explain while citing relevant historical evidence. 1492 makes the correct start of the time period. Although North America was discovered by Scandinavians around 1000 CE, knowledge of the continent was left to fade into legend. Columbus, in an ill-advised attempt to†¦show more content†¦What relevant historical evidence can you find in the chapter to support your position? The Columbian exchange transferred slaves, animals, disease, and crops in the cycle of the New World, Old World, and Afric a. As the Old World received gold and silver from the New World, the Spanish increasingly relied on silver--and with the increased supply of it, created inflation throughout Europe. New foods allowed for a population boom, especially the potato, which provided nutrients at a low cost. Disease brought from the old world devastated the Indian populations, while horses allowed for more tribes to have hunting lifestyles. Africa became more reliant on selling slaves for monetary gain. Skill: Appropriate Use of Relevant Historical Evidence- The authors contend that 1492 was a â€Å"fateful year† in North American history when the â€Å"land and the native peoples alike felt the full shock of the European ‘discovery.’† As you read this chapter, what relevant historical evidence can you find to support, modify, or refute this assertion? 1492 was the year which set the seeds of change in North America. Columbus’ discovery was what prompted nations, like Spain and Portugal, to begin sailing West, instead of East. Shortly after Columbus’ discovery of the Bahamas, Spain and Portugal settled which nation would receive certain parts of the New World with the Treaty of Tordesillas in 1494. The Treaty of Tordesillas was proof that nations were taking Columbus’ discoveries

Organizational Goals And Actions Can Affect The Outlook Of...

Organizational goals and actions can affect the outlook of personnel at various companies. With given to limit bandwidth utilization, possible leakage of operational information, blanket policies are often instated which stop most if not all contact with the outside world and can greatly decrease morale. For the people who do have access to services the many programs, sites, and protocols are often also limited access. Within a ship or military command system there is most of the time a bartering network established, especially at underway times, to increase morale and individuals’ personal resources. This can lead to raise privileges, increased hours of operation, and access to unapproved sites or programs in return for services such as†¦show more content†¦The Rights and responsibilities ethical theory is most of the time abandoned. Those who perform in these gray area tasks to assist others, and themselves, do so in a way considering operational risk to the greater good as a whole and do not wish to cause any issues to the command, personnel, or the mission in any way. This does not, necessarily, mean that the actions taken could not be harmful or that they socially granted. System Administrators need to understand their companies’ code of conduct, whether stated or published, along with copy right laws. The SYS ADMIN Code of Ethics covers: Professionalism, Personal Integrity, Privacy, Laws and Policies, Communication, System Integrity, Education, Computing Responsibility, Social Responsibility, and Ethical Responsibility as covered by LOPSA (2006), â€Å"Professionalism: I will maintain professional conduct in the organization, and will not enter personal feelings or beliefs to cause me to treat people unprofessionally. Personal Integrity: I will be honest in my professional duties, and forthcoming about my competence and the impact of my mistakes. I will find assistance from others when necessary. I will try to neglect conflicts of interest and biases whenever possible. When my advice is sought, if I have an issue of interest or bias, I will declare it if appropriate, and recues myself if necessary. Privacy: I will access private data

Impact Of Enterprise Resource Planning Systems On Businesses

Question: Discuss about the Impact Of Enterprise Resource Planning Systems On Businesses. Answer: Introduction ERP application software ERP stands for Enterprise Resource Planning; it is basically the progression of the Manufacturing Requirement Planning. From the business point of view it is expanding from the coordination of a manufacturing process to the integration of enterprise- wide backend processes. From the technological aspect, ERP has been evolved from legacy implementation to more flexible client server architecture. ERP is the most important for every business activities. It is the core business processes performed for the real time activity using various software and technology. It is been categorised into various business management software that is a typically suite of integrated applications and other is the organisational data which is sued to collect, manage and store and interpret the data from the core business processes (Drelichowski et al., (2016). It is an essential for the entire organisation to maintain the new trends according to the current scenario using various tools and technologies so as to provide the best services to the customers. The RealTech organisation has various ERP applications services which include: Manufacturing- In the manufacturing process in the business organisation it includes some various functions that have the involvement of the engineering, capacity, workflow management, quality control, billing process and the manufacturing of products to promote their business organisation. Supply Chain Management- It is the most popular component of an ERP system. It plays a vital role in all the business processes. It ensures the upstream and the downstream members of the chain so that to have an easy way of delivering the products and services to the customers according to the standards required so as satisfying the customer needs. Supply chain management helps in collaborating with an organisation for the functionalities and the interaction with the supply chain members (Bernroider et al., 2014). Financial Accounting Management- It plays a vital role in every organisation to maintain the finance and the accounts of a company so as to keep it safe for future. It is the systematic strategy being followed and performed in the business from the traditional time. It includes the following like the payable of an accounts, accounts receivable, fixed assets, general ledger and cash flow management. Data Warehouse- It is been accessed and maintain all the database of an organisations customer, suppliers and employees. Data Warehouse is a Meta data of an organizations electronically stored data. Data warehouse are initially perform a task to on designing and facilitate the report making and the analysis made on the database. Human Resource Management- Human Resource management is essential in every organisation for the efficient management in the employee information, tracking the employee records and their reviews regarding to their performance, authorizing the designations, skills regarding jobs description, Regular maintenance of the attendance (Bradford, 2015). Four types of ERP software Applications of the Business Process Operations Its Software Comparison: Oracle + NetSuite by Oracle- It is the best and the most considering tool for all the business sizes with the depth of Oracle cloud solutions for both the back and the front office. This too provides the facility of all the communication channels in the business organisation. SAP ERP by SAP- SAP ERP is a tool used for the addresses of the core business applications and its software requirements of midsize and large organizations in all the industries and sectors. It includes the individual solutions for the finance, human capital management, corporate services etc. This software is multi-faceted with a great quantity of the data points (Nwankpa, 2018). Dynamics by Microsoft- This tool is widely used in the organisation at all level. This tool automates in the financial, customer relationship, and supply chain processes. This tool is very familiar with the easy adoption by the company and it reduces the risks essentially with executing a new solution. IFS Manufacturing by IFS- This tool is a component based as it is specifically used at the industry level for the large business organisations. This software is most agile by streaming to the most strategic processes. This tool is used for developing, supplying and implementing of the various applications of an organisation. This software provides the solutions that serve the manufacturing as well as the easy way of accessing to the tool and familiar to do the desire tasks (Greasley et al., 2017). Selection of the most suitable ERP application software for RealTech The RealTech organisation has proposed and maintains all the finance, supply chain management and the database works on the Oracle NetSuite ERP application software which was proposed by the Siemens. It is a most dynamic works with the familiar Microsoft tool integrated and adaptable by all the business management that provide the availability to all the business management to work with the tool and have the great experience to make the important business decisions with the greater confidence. It is a familiar tool which works dynamically to all the business applications. It reduces the risks inherently with implementation and are familiar with the software adoption. This software helps in powering and modernizes financial, customer relationship and supply chain processes in a way that helps an organisation to reach to the goals and success (Popa Vaida, 2016). Description on the features of the NetSuite ERP application- Combining Business Processes across the Enterprise- It is the key used for all the business processes and performing the variety of functions across the departments, including marketing and sales, finance, fulfilments of the order, managing the inventory stock, management of employee etc. This tool helps the employees not to re-enter the data in different systems, or making the corrections in the data, or performing the updating. This tool allows the employees to view and share the actual data in real time; it leads the organisation to the increase production across the business. Growth in the Visibility for better Decision making- It allows to take the efficient decision for working on the real time data to the key performance metrics, taking the backup intelligently and making the correct decisions in the favour of the organisation. Visibility to the customer dealing with an organisation results in more efficient and highly personalized towards the business sales and fulfilment to the services provided to the customers (Rodrigues et al., 2016). Covering Processes to Customers, Suppliers and Partners- According to the current scenario for all the business organisations. NetSuite offers the self-service facilities that enhance both business-to-business and business-to-consumer relationship. This tool process the cycle between customers, suppliers and the partners ensuring the place as an ideal partner. Superior Value with an Affordable Pricing- building and reaching to the growing business, NetSuite offers the affordable prices and implementation to the business for providing the better services. This tool also provides the facility for the professional and the educational programs which ensure the efficient implementation and the long term success (Snellman, 2017). Customizing and Extending with NetSuite- In todays scenario in the corporate world NetSuite is the most customize software as a service. This tool helps in customizing the industry standard tools for the business practices which fulfil the need and specific industry requirements Customizing of the products generally encourage in highly customize NetSuite which proposes one in all kind software application (Chugh et al., 2017). General description on NetSuite ERP system in RealTech Organization RealTech organization uses the NetSuite ERP software for the operational work. This software provides various facilities for easy way of accessing and maintaining the organisational structure and the strategies and the data of the customers. This tool helps in performing as many transactions in the same amount of time. It is easily adaptable and is designed for the lifetime to maintain all the organizational activities. This tool helps in the entire business from designing to manufacturing to managing dealers in the corporate world. This tool is scalable to the growth of an organization. It provides the ability to be flexible and innovate. This tool provides the way to enter to the entire new markets efficiently and effectively. RealTech Organisation mainly deals in real time visibility and cost saving tasks. Integration of ERP with the RealTech Business Operations Integration with Marketing and Sales- In this the sales and marketing team coordinate together for the same corporate brand and become a part of advertising and initial awareness to the people for the decision process. It is essential to deliver the message in the market. Integration with Supply Chain Management- It is the essential or the key business processes of an organization, the success totally depend upon the company networks and relationships in the corporate world. From supplying of raw materials through end users that provide goods and services and the information for adding the value for customers (Fischer Winkelmann, 2017). Integration with accounting and Finance- The situation of the RealTech organisation totally depends upon the company as it brings the organisation into limelight who is contributing to bring the company on the top. Integrating with AM it brings an organisation process on a smooth track. Integration with Human Resources- It is the process of bringing all the departments together to manage human resource in a business so that they work effectively to bring the organization on the top in the market (Wong, Mahmud, 2016). Conclusion Many big Organisations find the Enterprise wide using the NetSuite ERP solutions. It always keeps the organisation on the top level and keel updating the demands regarding to all the business activity of an organisation. It is necessary to satisfy all the requirements in all the departments of the organisation so that vendors can have the best products with an industry focus. Using this tool it provides the ease access to an organisation for the fast processing and to a proper management which will increase the business value in the market and make the management on top to achieve all the tasks in the near future (Piazolo Felderer, 2016). References Drelichowski, L., Olszewski, W., Sikora, K. (2016). Case Studies: Strategy ManagementGaining Competitive Advantage In The Industry, Through The Implementation Of Erp And Business Intelligence.Scientific Bulletin-Economic Sciences,15(3), 89-98. Bernroider, E. W., Wong, C. W., Lai, K. H. (2014). From dynamic capabilities to ERP enabled business improvements: The mediating effect of the implementation project.International Journal of Project Management,32(2), 350-362. Bradford, M. (2015).Modern ERP: select, implement, and use today's advanced business systems. Lulu. com. Brehm, L., Schmidt, R. (2016). Potential Benefits of Using Social Software in ERP-Based Business Process Management. InMultidimensional Views on Enterprise Information Systems(pp. 71-83). Springer, Cham. Chugh, R., Sharma, S. C., Cabrera, A. (2017). Lessons Learned from Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) Implementations in an Australian Company.International Journal of Enterprise Information Systems (IJEIS),13(3), 23-35. Fischer, M., Heim, D., Hsselbarth, M., Winkelmann, A. (2017, July). Assessing Organization-System Fit in ERP Selection ProceduresA Literature Review. InInternational Conference on Human-Computer Interaction(pp. 134-149). Springer, Cham. Greasley, A., Greasley, A., Wang, Y., Wang, Y. (2017). Integrating ERP and enterprise social software.Business Process Management Journal,23(1), 2-15. Nwankpa, J. K. (2018). ERP Systems Benefit Realization and the Role of ERP-Enabled Application Integration. InEncyclopedia of Information Science and Technology, Fourth Edition(pp. 2953-2964). IGI Global. Nwankpa, J. K. (2018). ERP Systems Benefit Realization and the Role of ERP-Enabled Application Integration. InEncyclopedia of Information Science and Technology, Fourth Edition(pp. 2953-2964). IGI Global. Piazolo, F., Felderer, M. (Eds.). (2016). Multidimensional Views on Enterprise Information Systems: Proceedings of ERP Future 2014 (Vol. 12). Springer. Popa, S., Vaida, M. F. (2016). OUTSPREADING ENTERPISE CAPABILITIES INTO THE CLOUD-A COMMERCIAL CASE STUDY.ACTA Technica Napocensis,57(3), 23. Rodrigues, J., Ruivo, P., Johansson, B., Oliveira, T. (2016). Factors for Adopting ERP as SaaS amongst SMEs: The Customers vs. Vendor Point of View.Information Resources Management Journal (IRMJ),29(4), 1-16. Snellman, D. (2017). Difference in Cloud ERP Systems: A comparison. Wong, W. P., Veneziano, V., Mahmud, I. (2016). Usability of Enterprise Resource Planning software systems: an evaluative analysis of the use of SAP in the textile industry in Bangladesh.Information Development,32(4), 1027-1041.

Pampers Develops a Rash of Market Share free essay sample

In 1996, P G spent $48 million on diaper promotions. The company spent $8 million to add breathable side panels to its Pampers Premium brand. The panel strips allowed air to flow into the diaper without any leakage, and were supposed to lower the humidity in the diaper, thus reducing diaper rash. In 1997, Huggies continued to lead the market, especially with Huggies ‘Pull-Up Training Pants holding a 10 percent market share. The Huggies brand was largely responsible for much of Kimberly – Clark’s lead over Proctor Gamble. Kimberly-Clark’s strategy was to segment the market with new niche products, and the strategy worked very well. Huggies overnights, diapers for overnight use, and Huggies Pull-Ups Good Nites, diapers for older children who wet the bed, were new introductions that catered to specific segments of the market. The company was testing Huggies Little Swimmers Swim-Pants; diapers designed to withstand swimming, and began nationwide marketing of the product in 1998. We will write a custom essay sample on Pampers Develops a Rash of Market Share or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In 1997, Proctor Gamble preceded its rival in introducing a product that addressed a new concern among consumers – skin care. P G rolled out another innovation in diapers which was diaper linning that was actually good for the baby’s skin with Pampers Gentle Touch lining, backed by a $25 million promotional campaign. The lining contained a special blend of three skin-soothing chemicals that transfer to the baby’s skin evenly. Pampers continued its focus on skincare with the introduction of Pampers Rash Guard in late 1999. Tests have shown that the formulation of zinc oxide and Petrolatum used in the diaper lining reduces diaper rash without interfering with moving moisture away from the baby’s skin. These innovations have proven very successful for P G. Information Resources, Inc. listed pampers Rash Guard as number nine on its list of the â€Å"top 10 best selling new products in the consumer packaged goods industry for 1999-2000. † During the 52 weeks following the introduction of the product, sales reached $97. 2 million. Likewise, P G made new introductions under the Luvs brand. In 2000 Luvs Splashwear was introduced to provide consumers with a diaper babies could use in the pool. In 2001 Luvs Overnights were introduced for babies that needed improved leakage performance overnight. In 2002 SleepDrys from Luvs were introduced for children 4 and up that wet the bed. In the beginning of 2002, both P G and Kimberly-Clark had some unique product fetures that the competing brand was not offering. For example, Kimberly-Clark was marketing a Pull-Ups brand diaper that was targeting mothers with toddlers who were going through potty training. The disposable training diaper could be pulled on and off like regular underwear, but still had the absorbency features of a diaper. Kimberly – Clark was also offering Good Nites brand disposable underpants for older children who wet the bed. P G had a unique hold on the skin care market with their Pampers Rash Guard Diaper, and had just introduced a Pampers Baby Dry brand with Quick Grip sides that could be fastened and re-fastened to get a perfect fit. Both Kimberly-Clark and Proctor Gamble were offering swimming diapers, overnight diapers with extra absorbency, and diapers with added stretch for a better fit, and premium top of the line diapers. To remain on the cutting edge of customers needs, Proctor Gamble needs to continue to seek out and address exactly what consumers are searching for n a diaper before any rival, as the firm did by introducing the Pampers Gentle Touch lining. Thus, the use of marketing research may be the key to enabling P G to regain leadership in the diaper market. In this increasingly competitive diaper market, P G’s marketing department desired to formulate new approaches to the construction and marketing of Pampers to position them effectively against Huggies without cannibalizin g Luvs. To do so, 300 mothers of infants were surveyed. Each was given a randomly selected brand of diaper (either Pampers, Luvs, or Huggies) and asked to rate that diaper on nine Diaper ratings on the nine attributes were also obtained on seven –point Likert type scales (1 = Very Unfavorable; 7 = Very Favorable). The study was designed so that each of the tree brands appeared 100 times. The goal of the study was to learn which attributes of diapers were most important in influencing purchase preference (Y). The nine attributes used in the study were: VariableAttributeMarketing Options X1Count per boxDesire large counts per box ? X2PricePay a premium price ? X3ValuePromote high value? X4SkincareOffer high degree of skin care? X5StylePrints / colors vs. plain diapers